Website: Reconstruction Online Exhibit
Questions to Answer:
1. What were the reactions to Reconstruction by the following groups of people? Use evidence from the exhibit to shape your answers
--Former Slaves in the South (now Freedmen)
--Northerners "occupying" the South
--Defeated Southerners
2. What effect did sharecropping have on African-Americans?
3. What did the 13th, 14th, & 15th Amendments do?
4. Describe why "Black Codes" were developed.
2.African Americans were not sold to very much by the white southerners. Therefore a system of free labor through the renting of plots of land developed called sharecropping.
ReplyDeleteAdam Boyer
Butterfly Mathias
ReplyDeleteFormer slaves wanted to have meaningful lives and show their own individuality without the influence of whites.
Many Northerners living in the south thought that the south should be more deeply punished than they were.
The Southerners wanted to keep as much of the old system as they could and many were upset enough that they wanted to leave the south altogether.
Jared Kilgore
ReplyDelete1. Former slaves had a positive look on reconstruction of the south. Much like the slaves, the northerners had a positive outlook and thought it would be kind of them to help rebuild the union after they had defeated them. However, the southerners didn't want any help reconstructing there land. They wanted to do it completely on there own without any help from the north.
2. Sharecropping gave African americans a sense of freedom while still being able to work and support there familys. Because they gave some of there crop to the land owner, they didn't have to pay to stay on the land. With the rest of there crop, they either kept it for themselves or traded it for things they needed.
3. Between the 3 amendments, there was a lot talked about. there was everything from the abolishment of slavery, to blacks getting the right to vote, to even just making sure everyone had equal rights.
4. Black codes were developed for a number of reasons. Such as to give freed slaves rights but not to much. They allowed freed slaves to live there own lives but they had certain restrictions they had to follow. Many northerners didn't like the black codes cause they saw it as another form of slavery.
blacks wanted to be free but some whites still wanted to control them. African Americans wanted to find their families and be reunited. Many of the defeated southerners didn't want to accept the new life living with African Americans and resorted to violence. isreal baro
ReplyDeleteEleesa Schumacher
ReplyDelete1. Former slaves abandoned plantations, and fought for the Union in the Civil War. Northerners began to devise policies to deal with the transition from slavery to freedom, and the interrelated questions of access to land and the organization of free labor. Defeated Southerners reacted to defeat and emancipation with dismay, and thought of leaving the South for the lost cause of Confederacy.
2. Sharecropping resulted in African-Americans families renting individual plots of land, with a system that placed a premium on utilizing the labor of all members of the family.
3. The 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments: abolished slavery in the United States, forbade states to deprive any citizen of the "equal protection of the laws,", and prohibited states from abridging the right to vote because of race.
4. Black codes were developed because they wanted to limit the economic and political rights of African-Americans lower than they had from when they were a slave to force them to return to the plantations as dependent laborers.
3.They effectively created equal rights to all citizens in the united states, regardless of their race.
ReplyDeleteAdam Boyer
Butterfly Mathias
ReplyDeleteSharecropping was the most dominant system in the rural areas of the south where African American families would rent land and the entire family would work together to get the goods.
1: Former Slaves: Now free, many former slaves and free black men wanted equal rights and opportunitites. Many did not receive them as the Reconstruction was mostly favorable to white land owners.
ReplyDeleteNotherners "occupying the South": The Northerners wanted Reconstruction to destroy the South so that they could build it for themselves. Profit and opportunities were abound for those wanting wealth or change in the South. They were hated by Southerners who saw them as oppressors coming to destroy their lifestyle.
Defeated Southerners: Many defeated Southerners simply went back to their farms and tried to resume life as it was, but others took action. Many actively rioted and formed mobs to oppress free black citizens, and the KKK was developed to solely execute that purpose.
2: Sharecropping, while giving free African Americans opportunity to work, gave the white land owners limited control over them. By determining wages and taking some of the crop, the white land owners still profited and made back a portion of what they had lost from losing slave labor.
3: The 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments abolished slavery, gave black citizens equal protection under law, and gave the right to vote, no matter what race.
4: Black Codes were developed by Southern states to hold control over the newly free black citizens. While they were free, limits and regulations gave white citizens a clear superiority over the black, and continued the racial divide in the South. Punishments for breaking these codes lead to slave-like treatment. These Black Codes would continue to enforce resistance to black segregation for nearly one hundred years after they were developed.
Travis Perry
Clayton Sorensen
ReplyDelete1.
-Former Slaves- "Slaves quickly seized the opportunity to strike for their freedom."
-Northerners- "The Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 infused the Union war effort with a new moral spirit."
-Defeated Southerners- "Secret societies sprang up in the South, devoted to restoring white supremacy in politics and social life. Most notorious was the Ku Klux Klan, an organization of violent criminals that established a reign of terror in some parts of the South, assaulting and murdering local Republican leaders."
2. The 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments gave free black men the right to vote and have basic civil rights. "Between 1866 and 1869, Congress enacted new laws and the Fourteenth and Fifteenth amendments to the Constitution, guaranteeing blacks' civil rights and giving black men the right to vote."
3. Sharecropping dominated the cotton and tobacco South, while wage labor was the rule on sugar plantations.
Increasingly, both white and black farmers came to depend on local merchants for credit. A cycle of debt often ensued, and year by year the promise of economic independence faded. The black farmers couldn't make any profits for their work.
4. The "Black Codes" were developed too force former African American slaves to return to there former plantations because the black codes limited them to what jobs they could have. "The new legislatures passed the Black Codes, severely limiting the former slaves' legal rights and economic options so as to force them to return to the plantations as dependent laborers."
Reid Johnson
ReplyDeleteThe reactions were very different between the groups former slaves wanted to push north and have there own land. Northerners in the south were trying to educate the African Americans. The defeated southerners were very angry with the north and overall remained very cruel and racist against African Americans.
Sharecropping was a way of being free and working in the field it gave all African Americans rights and payment for there work but made a very large impact to the moral of African Americans.
These three amendments not only gave African Americans the right to vote but it also helped to defend there human rights. Each focused on the problems of slavery and made it so enslavement couldn't happen again.
Black codes were a way for southerners to restrain the right of African Americans it kept there rights minimal and made it hard for African Americans. These codes were a way to regulate there lives the belief of white supremacy was very high during this point in time.
David O'Brien
ReplyDelete1.
-They were happy to finally be free and live more of their own lives how they wanted to live.
-They thought it would be best to still help them even though they defeated them, they are still one nation so they need to unite.
-Southerners disliked it because it was such a change of life and they didn't like how much harder it was to control.
2.It allowed blacks to keep of share of 1/2 or 1/3 of the crop if they were harvesting it for a landowner so they could be free but work and still support their families.
3.The 13th amendment abolished slavery, the 14th amendment provided equal rights to all citizens, and the 15th amendment allowed all citizens to vote even blacks
4.The black codes limited Blacks rights and economic options. None allowed blacks to vote or provided public funds for blacks to get an education
Nathan Thompson
ReplyDelete1.The former slaves demanded equalization. Wanted to learn, go to school, and get transported with whites. Defeated Southerners beat and killed freed blacks and the police didn't care and even helped sometimes.
2.Sharecropping gave the AA a choice because they could work in the farm or go to school. They essentially got to rent land and choose what they wanted to do.
3.The 13,14, AND 15 Amendments stated that all people were free, the 14th stated that everyone had equal protection, and the 15th gave everyone the right to vote no matter what race, gender, or color.
4.The "Black codes" really limited the former slaves' legal rights and economic options and it made them to return to the plantations as dependent laborers. They were created so they could define a free man's rights.
Melanie Jenkins
ReplyDelete1. Former Slaves in the South (now freedmen)- Many joined the Union army to help defeat the confederates. They wanted to help fight for their freedom and no longer have slavery. A lot of the now freedmen came from southern plantations. They would often run away to become free.
Northerners "occupying" the South-Many of the slaves that lived in the South would leave their plantations. The Emancipation Proclamation was made due to this situation. The Northerners wanted more manpower from the slaves to help fight against the Confederates.
Defeated Southerners-Did not agree with the Emancipation Proclamation. Some Southerners thought of leaving the South because they had already lost homes and families. Many of them resorted in acting out with violence. They did not want slaves to be freed.
2. The effect sharecropping had on African-Americans was that slave owners thought it was unfair. The civil war made it bad for most planters and the slaves were able to work on their own time which made the owners upset. Slave owners would write into their contracts that slaves must follow every command. The unsatisfied laborers could always find jobs elsewhere because of the shortage of slaves.
3. The 13th amendment abolished slavery throughout the nation. The 14th and 15th amendments state that blacks will have civil rights and now giving them the opportunity to vote.
4. "Black Codes' were developed because Andrew Johnson put the Southerners in charge of creating new governments. The legislature passed "Black Codes" holding back the former slaves' rights and economic options to make them return to the plantations as dependent laborers.
Izabella Suehead
ReplyDelete1. Southerners reacted to the defeat in the civil war with dismay. People lost a lot of loved ones and their whole way of life had been changed with the abolition of slavery. Farmers and planters faced troubles with the abolition as well because they used the slaves labor to harvest and manage their products. Northerners became frustrated and indecisive after president Lincolns assassination. The north kindof took two sides, either they agreed with the new president Andrew Johnson and believed he deserved a chance or they though Johnson was trying to give the slaves freedom but keep their freedom as close to slavery as possible.
2. Sharecropping gave poor blacks the opportunity to sort of rent land from the land owners in exchange for a portion of their crop.
3. The 13th amendment abolished slavery, creating equality between blacks and whites. The 14th amendment gave black people civil rights in America. The 15th amendment gave black people the right to vote.
4. Black codes were designed to restrict freed blacks activity and ensure their availability as a labor force now that they had been freed.
Jefferson Eugene Sanders
ReplyDelete1.
a. It allowed former to be free and have the right to vote also they could hold a place in office
b. When the northerners' were occupying the south they made sure the south were following the laws
c. Defeated southerners in sorrow and disbelief about their fallen soldiers and made but they took out President Abraham Lincoln by assassinating him at Ford Theatre
2. The sharecropping system which emerged as the dominant labor system in the rural South black families rented individual plots of land and it made so families can stick together
3. The 13th amendment made it so black people don't have to be slaves anymore also that there wouldn't be any servitude, the 14th amendments made it so anybody race or color born in the United States of America are know as citizens, the 15th amendment made so African American men have the right to vote
4. Black codes were developed so that Southerners still have control over their slaves
1. Former slaves in the south after being freed were overjoyed, they were now able to be officially married, enlist in the military and be a part of politics. many Northerners occupying the south urged the freed African Americans to go back and work on plantations while others helped in educating them and with the transition from slavery to freedom. Defeated southerners were distraught, many had lost family members during the war so they constructed confederate cemeteries for fallen soldiers, some even resulted with violence and refused to accept the new relationship with freed men.
ReplyDelete2. Sharecropping on African Americans was a much nicer way of life, African American women could now choose to spend more time on their family and stop working on the fields, African American children who would have had to work went to schools, most African Americans still worked in the fields but now they were able to dictate their own lives, being allowed to come and go freely and decide which family members could work.
3. The thirteenth amendment made slavery illegal throughout the nation, and the fourteenth and fifteenth amendments guaranteed African Americans civil rights and gave African American men voting rights.
4. The Black Codes limited the free African Americans new rights and even some occupations in an attempt to get them return to working on plantations.
-Kim Wells
Lily Fullmer
ReplyDelete1. The African Americans wanted to flaunt their newly found freedom from slavery and start building their own communities. Southerners reacted in dismay of their defeat, because of destruction of land and losses in families. Northerners saw the opportunity as a good one, but were still open to free labor.
2. Labor was placed on everyone in a family and they tended to separate from each other and fall into poverty.
R.J. Rogers 2. sharecrops was labor that blacks would do but instead of doing it for free they earned 1/3 or1/2 of the crop.
ReplyDelete3. the 13th amendment bans slavery and only if you have committed a crime you can do free labor without you consent. the 14th amendment allowed anyone who was born in the united stats to become a U.S. citizen. the 15th Amendment allowed all U.S. citizens to vote.
4.
1.
ReplyDeletea. Former slaves in the South after the Civil War during reconstruction often tried locating family members lost by sale-- The family was the heart of the postwar African American community. Slave marriages were not recognized in the Confederacy, so as a result of reconstruction, freed slaves established their marriages within local governments.
b. Northerners occupying the South attempted establishing political power and equality in the Southern states, met by violent opposition by extremist groups. The Northerners quickly disbanded their efforts and segregation/inequality reigned until the 1960s.
c. Southerners responded with anger, dismay, and grief, due to loss of loved ones in the war and disagreement with new policies. Many were in shock; over one-fifth of the entire adult population in the South has been wiped out. Memorials for the "Lost Cause" established and relics made in remembrance of the Confederacy.
2. The Sharecropping system allowed African American families to rent plots of land and were paid a premium for labor from all members of the family. African American families would often receive one-third to one-half of what they harvested, the rest going to the land owner.
3. The thirteenth amendment abolished slavery and free labor, except as a punishment for a crime. The fourteenth amendment guaranteed equal protection under law for all citizens. The fifteenth amendment prohibited abridging the right to vote for any race.
Jack Malek, Period 1
Jamie Luzzi
ReplyDelete1.The free slaves wanted land of their own, they believed that their years of labor gave them a claim. Blacks rented on land or worked for wages on plantations. The northerners tried to reconstruct the union and keep the southerners from gaining power.
The southerners tried to keep as much from their old ways and wanted to get back into slavery because they didn't have a labor force without it.
2. New system of labor, dominated tobaco and cotton lab or in south.
3. The 13th amendment abolished slavery throughout the nation.
4. Black codes were developed when members of the southern elite came back to power. The codes took away any legal rights they had to force them back to the plantations and denying them the chance to vote. In Florida, blacks who violated their labor contracts were whipped, and sold for up to one year's labor.
1. Former slaves conformed to their new roles as free people by looking for lost loved ones and family members. Many African Americans filed for a marriage, since they now had the ability to do so. While establishing a running community, the African American population began to build churches for themselves. An important component in their freedom is their ability to receive an education, just like the whites, so many African Americans began attending public schools. Certain colleges began offering classes and degrees to Freed African Americans in a variety of fields. Many of them began demanding equal rights and representation.
ReplyDeleteThe Northerners occupying the south fully supported the African American movement, and helped start businesses to help them.
The white southerners were shocked into grief by their substantial losses in the war. They lost a large amount of men in the war, which caused women to begin taking more and more responsibilities in many places and jobs, such as working the farms. Many others worked as nurses, teachers, and other professions. There were two different kinds of southerners, the ones who looked to the future, and the ones who thought about the past and romanticized slavery. Southerners were saddened by the loss of the confederacy, and looked at it as a noble lost cause. Many southerners began reacting violently towards to African Americans' drive towards autonomy and freedom, hundreds of buildings run by freedmen were destroyed by white mobs, who killed around forty African Americans.
2. Sharecropping helped give African Americans a place to live and work, but it was somewhat unjust. The land owner took a large percentage of their crops and income, thus giving the people working there little profit. It was a hard life style to live, but it was better than being a forced slave.
3. The thirteenth amendment abolished slavery and forced labor, except as punishment for a crime. The fourteenth amendment stated that any person born on American soil is considered an American citizen, regardless of race or gender. The fifteenth amendment gave black men the ability to vote, as they were viewed as citizens. All of these amendments helped substantially in the effort to bring equality between whites and blacks, and other races.
4. The Black Codes were an attempt by the southerners to ensure that 'white supremacy' lived on. It was an attempt to establish a slavery like economy, that overstepped the changes put into place by the emancipation proclamation and the amendments to the constitution. The Black Codes were very similar to Slavery Codes, and any amount of African American blood, any at all, determined whether these Codes involved someone. The northerners reacted quickly, and shut down the Southerners attempts.
-Ian West, Period 1.
4.The black codes were developed by the southern legislatures to induce a slave like system in which African Americans were treated like slaves, just not called it.
ReplyDeleteAdam Boyer
Asher Carman/ P 1
ReplyDelete1. Former slaves in the South claimed they had a right to own land in the South after they had been freed. "Forty acres and a mule" became their chant. Due to the federal government not wanting to give out big parcels of land, only a small percentage of freedmen became landowners.
Northerners: Many white small farm owners in the south were thrown into the cotton economy during reconstruction, and could produce more for their families.
Defeated Southerners: Once an amount of black suffrage was gained, secret white societies started to crop up along the south. They were dedicated to reversing blacks rights and repealing the suffrage.
2.Under the sharecropping system, which emerged as the dominant labor system in the rural South, black families rented individual plots of land. This allowed utilization of the whole family for different activities.
3.The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution officially abolished and continues to prohibit slavery to this day. The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution declared that all persons born or naturalized in the United States are American citizens including African Americans. The Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits each government in the United States from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
4. Black Codes were developed to define freedmen's rights and possibilities. They created an uproar among freedmen.
Pearl Dodd
ReplyDelete1. Former Slaves in the South demanded land of their own and citizenship. Northerners occupying the South were in favor for the abolition of slavery. Defeated Southerners were upset about the defeat and didn't like the emancipation proclamation.
2. African American families rented out plots of land for sharecropping. Sharecropping was more successful then cotton and tobacco.
3. The 15th amendment extended the vote to black men. The 14th amendment accepted black suffrage.
Anna Chamberlain
ReplyDelete1.Former Slaves in the South: The former Slaves thought that since they were now citizens they deserved the right to own land so they liked Reconstruction
Northerners "occupying" the South: Fled, they tried to help us much as they could, but mostly fled.
Defeated Southerners: Rejected it, thought it was useless and they were bitter. KKK and many other small groups tried violently to fight it. they murdered and assaulted freemen and women for attempting to leave plantations of for refusing to step off the sidewalk to make way for a white pedestrian.
2.Sharecropping
3. The 13th amendment abolished slavery completely, 14th and 15th amendments gave the freedmen the rights to vote.
4. The Black Codes were developed to define the freedman's rights and responsibilities, they set limits for them.
Paige Duncan
ReplyDelete1. - former slaves in the south: Since the slaves were now able to fight in war and were now citizens they started to demand land of their own.
-northerners "occupying" the south: they fled leaving behind around 10,000 slaves.
-defeated southerners: They disagreed. Many of the groups reacted with violence.
2. It had a good effect because it was kind of like having their own land they just had to share some of the crops they produced.
3. The 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments got rid of slavery for good and granted former slaves the right to vote and be normal citizens. Any involuntary work can only be legal as a punishment of committing a crime.
4. The black codes were developed to define the freedmans rights and responsibility. It gave them limits.
1.) The former slaves were for the Reconstruction because it freed them. It abolished slavery and they could now fight in the war and do things that normal whites could do. This also allowed for the blacks to be able to find their separated family members and become a family once again. The defeated southerners didn't like the reconstruction of the south because it freed all the slaves. The slaves then wanted to "flaunt their liberations" as said on the first page of the meaning of freedom.
ReplyDelete2.) Sharecropping meant that they could now rent individual land plots. The utilizing of labor of all members of the family was placed by this sharecropping system. It allowed the blacks to have their land but it they didn't own it. It made them more willing to do labor.
3.) The thirteenth amendment abolished slavery. The fourteenth amendment and fifteenth amendment was to give the rights to the blacks.
4.) The black codes were developed because all the southerners needed slaves. The black codes limited their rights and economic options making them need to return to plantations and do labor.
Macie Lazalier
Talen Andersen
ReplyDelete1) The Freedmen seem to be the most excited, since they were now free, and began to seek out land that very well could have been rightfully theirs. The Northern mindset was majorly on what to do with the broken Union. They wished to find opportunity for the Freedmen and regulations for the Southerners. These Southerners, however, felt like they were being babied and coddled by the North, claiming they didn't need help.
2) Sharecropping gave the African-Americans a chance to own some land and work the land and make a living for themselves
3) The amendments gave African-Americans a more citizen like presence in the USA, giving them rights and liberties
4)Basically, the Black codes kept the blacks from becoming too powerful of prestiged
Kyle Uclaray
ReplyDelete1)Former slaves in the South like the reconstruction because they were finally free and they could be with their family, if they were already separated they could be united and get married.
Northerners were happy they won the war and that it was over. So they could start the reconstruction and start to help freed slaves and educate them.
Southerners were not in favor of the reconstruction because they lost and they didn't want to change in the first place. So they were outraged and even made up groups going against the reconstruction and blacks, like the KKK.
2) Black families rented individual parts of land
3) The 13, 14, and 15th amendments were laws to help protect and give blacks more freedom by not being abridged for your color of skin, giving them civil rights, also giving them the right to vote.
4) black codes were made because the blacks rights were lowered and whites wanted them to go back to plantations and work again
1.Former slaves began to exercise their new rights to the fullest, while southerners were sad for losses of the civil war.
ReplyDeleteAdam Boyer
Butterfly Mathias
ReplyDeleteThe 13th, 14th, and 15th amendment gave Africans equal protection, allowed them to not be excluded from votes because of race, and abolished slavery.
Kami Mahoney P.1
ReplyDelete1.) -Former slaves took the reconstruction of the Union. They tried for better and new rights, they also dedicated many sculptures to Lincoln after he was assassinated.
-Northerners were glad they won the war, and some tried to help as many former slaves as they could like Laura M. Towne did. She built schools, and taught them.
-The southerners were not happy they won, some left their homes as they had many loved ones die in the war. Some reacted violently and others accepted that they lost, and started to be alright with the slaves being free.
2.) Sharecropping allowed the plantations owners to sell plots of land to former slaves, but they still had to give a large amount of money to the plantation owners. Therefore, they were still working under an owner, but they were not slaves as they grew and did what they wanted to. This also made them want to work harder.
3.) The 13th, 14th and 15th amendments allowed blacks to never be slaves again, also it allowed that every person born in the U.S. regardless of color was a citizen therefore they were allowed to vote.
4.) The "Black Code" was made to limit the black's rights. They could no longer be apart of anything political. Most went back to the plantations they were at before.
1.The free slaves wanted land of their own. Northerners occupying the south wanted the free African Americans to go back and work on plantations while others helped in educating them like Laura M. Towne. Defeated Southerners Did not agree with the Emancipation Proclamation. Some acted out with violence. Others didn't just want to see African Americans free.
ReplyDelete2.Sharecropping helped the African Americans by allowing them to own land and also work it to make a living for themselves.
3.The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution abolished slavery.The Fourteenth The amendment addresses citizenship rights and equal protection of the laws. The Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits the federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote.
4. Black codes had meant and the effect of restricting African Americans' freedom
Gunnar Simpson
period 1